Mauritius

source : World Fact Book 2008 (October 2008)

SEE UPDATED INFORMATION HERE

   Introduction    Mauritius
Background:
Definition Field Listing Although known to Arab and Malay sailors as early as the 10th century, Mauritius was first explored by the Portuguese in the 16th century and subsequently settled by the Dutch - who named it in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU - in the 17th century. The French assumed control in 1715, developing the island into an important naval base overseeing Indian Ocean trade, and establishing a plantation economy of sugar cane. The British captured the island in 1810, during the Napoleonic Wars. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base, and later an air station, playing an important role during World War II for anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as the collection of signals intelligence. Independence from the UK was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather, declining sugar prices, and declining textile and apparel production, have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
   Geography    Mauritius
Location:
Definition Field Listing Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing 20 17 S, 57 33 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing Political Map of the World
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 2,040 sq km
land: 2,030 sq km
water: 10 sq km
note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing 0 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing 177 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate:
Definition Field Listing tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing arable land, fish
Land use:
Definition Field Listing arable land: 49.02%
permanent crops: 2.94%
other: 48.04% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing 220 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Definition Field Listing 2.2 cu km (2001)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Definition Field Listing total: 0.61 cu km/yr (25%/14%/60%)
per capita: 488 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; home of the dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons, driven to extinction by the end of the 17th century through a combination of hunting and the introduction of predatory species
   People    Mauritius
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1,274,189 (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing 0-14 years: 23% (male 148,573/female 143,859)
15-64 years: 70.1% (male 443,968/female 449,670)
65 years and over: 6.9% (male 35,269/female 52,850) (2008 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing total: 31.5 years
male: 30.6 years
female: 32.3 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing 0.8% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 14.64 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order -0.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 12.56 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total population: 73.75 years
male: 70.28 years
female: 77.4 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1.83 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0.1% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 700 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order fewer than 100 (2001 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing noun: Mauritian(s)
adjective: Mauritian
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Religions:
Definition Field Listing Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other Christian 8.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)
Languages:
Definition Field Listing Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 84.4%
male: 88.4%
female: 80.5% (2000 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Definition Field Listing total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 13 years (2005)
Education expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.9% of GDP (2006)
   Government    Mauritius
Country name:
Definition Field Listing conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius
conventional short form: Mauritius
local long form: Republic of Mauritius
local short form: Mauritius
Government type:
Definition Field Listing parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Definition Field Listing name: Port Louis
geographic coordinates: 20 09 S, 57 29 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing 9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne
Independence:
Definition Field Listing 12 March 1968 (from UK)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003); Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM (since 5 July 2005)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 19 September 2008 (next to be held in 2013); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly
election results: Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH reelected president by unanimous vote; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing unicameral National Assembly (70 seats; 62 members elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the election commission to give representation to various ethnic minorities; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 3 July 2005 (next to be held in 2010)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AS 38, MSM/MMM 22, OPR 2; appointed seats - AS 4, MSM/MMM 2, OPR 2
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing Alliance Sociale or AS [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM] (governing coalition - includes MLD, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMXD); Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Socialist Militant Movement or MMSM [Madan DOLLOO]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Nando BODHA]; Mouvement Republicain or MR [Jayarama VALAYDEN]; Parti Mauricien Xavier Duval or PMXD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing other: various labor unions
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH
chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492
FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador Cesar CABRERA
embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis
mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450
telephone: [230] 202-4400
FAX: [230] 208-9534
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
   Economy    Mauritius
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. The economy rests on sugar, tourism, textiles and apparel, and financial services, and is expanding into fish processing, information and communications technology, and hospitality and property development. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 15% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on creating vertical and horizontal clusters of development in these sectors. Mauritius has attracted more than 32,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India, South Africa, and China. Investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $14.27 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing $6.959 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 5.4% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $11,300 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing agriculture: 4.8%
industry: 25%
services: 70.1% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 574,000 (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing agriculture and fishing 9%, construction and industry 30%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 22%, finance 6%, other services 25% (2007)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 8.8% (2007 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing 8% (2006 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing 39 (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 8.8% (2007 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 25.1% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing revenues: $1.344 billion
expenditures: $1.773 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 63.1% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Industries:
Definition Field Listing food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 4.7% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.35 billion kWh (2006)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.068 billion kWh (2006)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2006)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2006)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 23,650 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 bbl/day (2006)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 23,650 bbl/day (2006)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order -$408.3 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $2.231 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses, fish
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing UK 27.8%, UAE 14.2%, France 13.2%, US 7.9%, Madagascar 5.7%, Italy 4.4%, Belgium 4.2% (2007)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $3.656 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing India 15.3%, France 13.3%, China 7.8%, South Africa 7.4% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing $31.93 million (2005)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $1.822 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $2.149 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $NA
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $5.7 billion (2007)
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 31.798 (2007), 31.656 (2006), 29.496 (2005), 27.499 (2004), 27.902 (2003)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing 1 July - 30 June
   Communications    Mauritius
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 357,300 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 936,000 (2007)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing general assessment: small system with good service
domestic: monopoly over fixed-line services terminated in 2005; fixed-line teledensity roughly 30 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services launched in 1989 with teledensity in 2007 reaching 75 per 100 persons
international: country code - 230; landing point for the SAFE submarine cable that provides links to Asia and South Africa where it connects to the SAT-3/WASC submarine cable that provides further links to parts of East Africa, and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing .mu
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 9,792 (2007)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 340,000 (2007)
   Transportation    Mauritius
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 5 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 2
over 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Roadways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 2,028 km
paved: 2,028 km (includes 75 km of expressways) (2007)
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 13,435 GRT/11,700 DWT
by type: passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing Port Louis
   Military    Mauritius
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing no regular military forces; National Police Force, Special Mobile Force, National Coast Guard (2007)
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field Listing males age 16-49: 341,018 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Definition Field Listing male: 11,089
female: 10,843 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0.3% of GDP (2006 est.)
   Transnational Issues    Mauritius
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry



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Source : CIA's World Fact Book 2008

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