Switzerland

source : World Fact Book 2008 (October 2008)

SEE UPDATED INFORMATION HERE

   Introduction    Switzerland
Background:
Definition Field Listing The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, subsequently modified in 1874, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two World Wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.
   Geography    Switzerland
Location:
Definition Field Listing Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing 47 00 N, 8 00 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing Europe
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 41,290 sq km
land: 39,770 sq km
water: 1,520 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing total: 1,852 km
border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing none (landlocked)
Climate:
Definition Field Listing temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing lowest point: Lake Maggiore 195 m
highest point: Dufourspitze 4,634 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing hydropower potential, timber, salt
Land use:
Definition Field Listing arable land: 9.91%
permanent crops: 0.58%
other: 89.51% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing 250 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Definition Field Listing 53.3 cu km (2005)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Definition Field Listing total: 2.52 cu km/yr (24%/74%/2%)
per capita: 348 cu m/yr (2002)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing avalanches, landslides, flash floods
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps
   People    Switzerland
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 7,581,520 (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing 0-14 years: 15.8% (male 623,213/female 577,430)
15-64 years: 68.2% (male 2,605,044/female 2,562,354)
65 years and over: 16% (male 501,699/female 711,780) (2008 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing total: 40.7 years
male: 39.6 years
female: 41.7 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing 0.329% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 9.62 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 8.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 4.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total population: 80.74 years
male: 77.91 years
female: 83.71 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1.44 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0.4% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 13,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order fewer than 100 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing noun: Swiss (singular and plural)
adjective: Swiss
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%
Religions:
Definition Field Listing Roman Catholic 41.8%, Protestant 35.3%, Muslim 4.3%, Orthodox 1.8%, other Christian 0.4%, other 1%, unspecified 4.3%, none 11.1% (2000 census)
Languages:
Definition Field Listing German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census)
note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and official languages
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Definition Field Listing total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 5.8% of GDP (2005)
   Government    Switzerland
Country name:
Definition Field Listing conventional long form: Swiss Confederation
conventional short form: Switzerland
local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German); Confederation Suisse (French); Confederazione Svizzera (Italian); Confederaziun Svizra (Romansh)
local short form: Schweiz (German); Suisse (French); Svizzera (Italian); Svizra (Romansh)
Government type:
Definition Field Listing formally a confederation but similar in structure to a federal republic
Capital:
Definition Field Listing name: Bern
geographic coordinates: 46 57 N, 7 26 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing 26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausser-Rhoden, Appenzell Inner-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubunden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zurich
Independence:
Definition Field Listing 1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing chief of state: President Pascal COUCHEPIN (since 1 January 2008); Vice President Hans-Rudolf MERZ (since 1 January 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government representing the Federal Council; the Federal Council is the formal chief of state and head of government whose council members, rotating in one-year terms as federal president, represent the Council
head of government: President Pascal COUCHEPIN (since 1 January 2008); Vice President Hans-Rudolf MERZ (since 1 January 2008)
cabinet: Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) elected by the Federal Assembly usually from among its members for a four-year term
elections: president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among the members of the Federal Council for a one-year term (they may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 12 December 2007 (next to be held in December 2008)
election results: Pascal COUCHEPIN elected president; percent of Federal Assembly vote - 80.0%; Hans-Rudolf MERZ elected vice president; percent of Federal Assembly vote - 86.5%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblee Federale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of the Council of States or Standerat (in German), Conseil des Etats (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; membership consists of 2 representatives from each canton and 1 from each half canton; to serve four-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Council of States - last held in most cantons on 19 October 2003 (each canton determines when the next election will be held); National Council - last held on 21 October 2007 (next to be held in October 2011)
election results: Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 15, FDP 14, SVP 8, SPS 6, other 3; National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 29%, SPS 19.5%, FDP 15.6%, CVP 14.6%, Greens 9.6%, other 11.7%; seats by party - SVP 62, SPS 43, FDP 31, CVP 31, Green Party 20, other small parties 13; note - seating for the Council of States as of December 2007 is CVP 16, FDP 12, SVP 7, SPS 9, other 2
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ruth GENNER]; Christian Democratic People's Party (Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Christophe DARBELLAY]; Radical Free Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz or FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, Partitio Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Fulvio PELLI]; Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Hans-Juerg FEHR]; Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER]; and other minor parties
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador Urs ZISWILER
chancery: 2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 745-7900
FAX: [1] (202) 387-2564
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador Peter R. CONEWAY
embassy: Jubilaeumsstrasse 93, CH-3001 Bern
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [41] (031) 357 70 11
FAX: [41] (031) 357 73 44
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag
   Economy    Switzerland
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing Switzerland is a peaceful, prosperous, and stable modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP larger than that of the big Western European economies. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to enhance their international competitiveness. Switzerland remains a safehaven for investors, because it has maintained a degree of bank secrecy and has kept up the franc's long-term external value. Reflecting the anemic economic conditions of Europe, GDP growth stagnated during the 2001-03 period, improved during 2004-05, and jumped to 2.9% in 2006, and 2.6% in 2007. Unemployment has remained at less than half the EU average.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $303.2 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing $423.9 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.1% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $40,100 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing agriculture: 1.5%
industry: 34%
services: 64.5% (2003 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.954 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing agriculture: 4.6%
industry: 26.3%
services: 69.1% (1998)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.8% (2007 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 25.9% (2000)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing 33.7 (2000)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0.7% (2007 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 21.5% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing revenues: $150.6 billion
expenditures: $141.5 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 44.2% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing grains, fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs
Industries:
Definition Field Listing machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, and insurance
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 6.5% (2006 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 56.1 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 58.26 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing 32 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing 38.35 billion kWh (2005)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3,202 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 275,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 11,360 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 267,000 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.26 billion cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.26 billion cu m (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $72.35 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $200.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing Germany 22%, Italy 8.4%, France 8.4%, US 8.4%, Austria 4.5% (2007)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $187.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing Germany 27.7%, Italy 10.2%, US 9.4%, France 7.9%, UK 4.3%, Belgium 4.2% (2007)
Economic aid - donor:
Definition Field Listing ODA, $1.646 billion (2006)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $75.37 billion (2006 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $1.34 trillion (30 June 2007)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $306.4 billion (2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $605.6 billion (2007 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $938.6 billion (2005)
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing Swiss franc (CHF)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.1973 (2007), 1.2539 (2006), 1.2452 (2005), 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing calendar year
   Communications    Switzerland
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 5 million (2007)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 8.096 million (2007)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing general assessment: highly developed telecommunications infrastructure with excellent domestic and international services
domestic: ranked among leading countries for fixed-line teledensity and infrastructure; mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 100 per 100 persons; extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks
international: country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing AM 4, FM 113 (plus many low-power stations), shortwave 2 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing 115 (plus 1,919 repeaters) (1995)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing .ch
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1.405 million (2007)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 4.61 million (2007)
   Transportation    Switzerland
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 65 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 42
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 16 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 23
under 914 m: 23 (2007)
Heliports:
Definition Field Listing 2 (2007)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing gas 1,781 km; oil 94 km; refined products 7 km (2007)
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 4,839 km
standard gauge: 3,561 km 1.435-m gauge (3,195 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,268 km 1.000-m gauge (1,274 km electrified); 10 km 0.800-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2006)
Roadways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 71,296 km
paved: 71,296 km (includes 1,758 of expressways) (2004)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 65 km (Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and Schaffhausen-Bodensee) (2003)
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 32 ships (1000 GRT or over) 578,150 GRT/906,042 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 12, cargo 8, chemical tanker 5, container 6, specialized tanker 1
registered in other countries: 116 (Antigua and Barbuda 5, Bahamas 3, Cyprus 3, France 2, Indonesia 3, Italy 5, Liberia 12, Malta 25, Marshall Islands 13, Panama 27, Paraguay 1, Portugal 2, Russia 4, Singapore 2, St Vincent and the Grenadines 6, Tonga 1, UK 1, Vanuatu 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing Basel
   Military    Switzerland
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing Swiss Armed Forces: Land Forces, Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe) (2007)
Military service age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing 19 years of age for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; the Swiss Constitution states that "every Swiss male is obliged to do military service"; every Swiss male has to serve at least 260 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by seven 3-week intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2008)
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field Listing males age 16-49: 1,852,580
females age 16-49: 1,807,667 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing males age 16-49: 1,513,984
females age 16-49: 1,478,761 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Definition Field Listing male: 49,205
female: 45,220 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1% of GDP (2005 est.)
   Transnational Issues    Switzerland
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing none
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing a major international financial center vulnerable to the layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and Western European synthetics; domestic cannabis cultivation and limited ecstasy production



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Source : CIA's World Fact Book 2008

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