Yemen

source : World Fact Book 2008 (October 2008)

SEE UPDATED INFORMATION HERE

   Introduction    Yemen
Background:
Definition Field Listing North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a delimitation of their border.
   Geography    Yemen
Location:
Definition Field Listing Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing 15 00 N, 48 00 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing Middle East
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 527,970 sq km
land: 527,970 sq km
water: 0 sq km
note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing total: 1,746 km
border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing 1,906 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate:
Definition Field Listing mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m
highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west
Land use:
Definition Field Listing arable land: 2.91%
permanent crops: 0.25%
other: 96.84% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing 5,500 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Definition Field Listing 4.1 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Definition Field Listing total: 6.63 cu km/yr (4%/1%/95%)
per capita: 316 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing sandstorms and dust storms in summer
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes
   People    Yemen
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 23,013,376 (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing 0-14 years: 46.2% (male 5,415,385/female 5,218,237)
15-64 years: 51.2% (male 5,996,202/female 5,795,779)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 284,195/female 303,578) (2008 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing total: 16.7 years
male: 16.7 years
female: 16.8 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing 3.46% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 42.42 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 7.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 56.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 60.78 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 51.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total population: 62.9 years
male: 60.96 years
female: 64.94 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 6.41 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0.1% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 12,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA
Major infectious diseases:
Definition Field Listing degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing noun: Yemeni(s)
adjective: Yemeni
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans
Religions:
Definition Field Listing Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu
Languages:
Definition Field Listing Arabic
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 50.2%
male: 70.5%
female: 30% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Definition Field Listing total: 9 years
male: 11 years
female: 7 years (2005)
Education expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 9.6% of GDP (2001)
   Government    Yemen
Country name:
Definition Field Listing conventional long form: Republic of Yemen
conventional short form: Yemen
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah
local short form: Al Yaman
former: Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]
Government type:
Definition Field Listing republic
Capital:
Definition Field Listing name: Sanaa
geographic coordinates: 15 21 N, 44 12 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing 19 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan, 'Adan, Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, 'Amran, Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Sa'dah, San'a', Shabwah, Ta'izz
note: for electoral and administrative purposes, the capital city of Sanaa is treated as an additional governorate
Independence:
Definition Field Listing 22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing Unification Day, 22 May (1990)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local tribal customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing chief of state: President Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the merger of North and South Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since 3 October 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Ali Muhammad MUJAWWAR (since 31 March 2007)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 20 September 2006 (next to be held in September 2013); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president
election results: Ali Abdallah SALIH elected president; percent of vote - Ali Abdallah SALIH 77.2%, Faysal BIN SHAMLAN 21.8%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing a bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and a House of Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: last held on 27 April 2003 (next to be held in April 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GPC 228, Islah 47, YSP 7, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independents 14
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing General People's Congress or GPC [Abdul-Kader BAJAMMAL]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Mohammed Abdullah AL-YADOUMI (acting)]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdal Malik al-MAKHLAFI]; National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party [Dr. Qasim SALAM]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]; note - there are at least seven more active political parties
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador Abd al-Wahab Abdallah al-HAJRI
chancery: 2319 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 965-4760
FAX: [1] (202) 337-2017
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen A. SECHE
embassy: Sa'awan Street, Sanaa
mailing address: P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa
telephone: [967] (1) 755-2000 ext. 2153 or 2266
FAX: [967] (1) 303-182
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white band, and of Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band
   Economy    Yemen
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing Yemen, one of the poorest countries in the Arab world, reported average annual growth in the range of 3-4% from 2000 through 2007. Its economic fortunes depend mostly on declining oil resources, but the country is trying to diversify its earnings. In 2006 Yemen began an economic reform program designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. As a result of the program, international donors pledged about $5 billion for development projects. In addition, Yemen has made some progress on reforms over the last year that will likely encourage foreign investment. Oil revenues probably increased in 2007 as a result of higher prices.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $56.24 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing $21.66 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.8% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $2,500 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing agriculture: 12.4%
industry: 40.9%
services: 46.7% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 6.305 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing note: most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 35% (2003 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing 45.2% (2003)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 25.9% (2003)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing 33.4 (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 10% (2007 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 25% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing revenues: $7.576 billion
expenditures: $8.391 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 33.5% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish
Industries:
Definition Field Listing crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial ship repair
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.2% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 4.456 billion kWh (2005 est.)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.381 billion kWh (2005 est.)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2005)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 339,200 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 128,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 320,600 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 58,100 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.58 billion bbl (1 January 2007 est.)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 459 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order -$362 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $7.311 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing China 22.2%, India 19.5%, Thailand 18.2%, South Korea 7.9%, Japan 6.9%, UAE 4.7% (2007)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $6.735 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing UAE 15.2%, China 11.8%, US 7.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.2%, Kuwait 5.4%, Germany 4.9%, Brazil 4.3% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing $2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $7.76 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $6.044 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $NA
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing Yemeni rial (YER)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing Yemeni rials per US dollar - 199.14 (2007), 197.18 (2006), 192.67 (2005), 184.78 (2004), 183.45 (2003)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing calendar year
   Communications    Yemen
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 968,300 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.978 million (2006)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing general assessment: since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network
domestic: the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, and GSM mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards
international: country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing 3 (including one Egypt-based station that broadcasts in Yemen); plus several repeaters (2007)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing .ye
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 5 (2007)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 320,000 (2007)
   Transportation    Yemen
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 50 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 17
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 33
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 13
under 914 m: 4 (2007)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing gas 71 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,309 km (2007)
Roadways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 71,300 km
paved: 6,200 km
unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 15,474 GRT/18,072 DWT
by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1
registered in other countries: 13 (Cambodia 2, Moldova 1, North Korea 2, Panama 6, St Kitts and Nevis 1, unknown 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing Aden, Hudaydah, Mukalla
Transportation - note:
Definition Field Listing the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden are high risk for piracy; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crew, passengers, and cargo are held for ransom
   Military    Yemen
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing Army (includes Republican Guard), Navy (includes Marines), Yemen Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Jamahiriya al Yemeniya; includes Air Defense Force) (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing voluntary military service program authorized in 2001; 2-year service obligation (2006)
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field Listing males age 16-49: 5,080,038
females age 16-49: 4,852,555 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing males age 16-49: 3,585,947
females age 16-49: 3,619,195 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Definition Field Listing male: 268,468
female: 258,196 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 6.6% of GDP (2006)
Military - note:
Definition Field Listing a Coast Guard was established in 2002
   Transnational Issues    Yemen
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Definition Field Listing refugees (country of origin): 91,587 (Somalia) (2007)



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Source : CIA's World Fact Book 2008

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